Fail2ban is a free and open-source firewall software solution that protects your server from brute-force login attacks. It is an intrusion prevention framework that continuously monitors log files of different services, detects failed authentication, and blocks attacks using firewalld or iptables. Fail2ban blocks the attacker’s IP permanently or temporarily via the configuration file. It also sends you an email notification whenever an attack is occurring. It is primarily used for SSH attacks, however, it can be configured to work for any service that uses log files.
In this guide, we will show you how to install Fail2ban with firewalld on Oracle Linux 8.
Step 1 – Configure Firewalld
By default, Firewalld comes pre-installed in the Oracle Linux 8. You can check whether it is installed or not using the following command:
dnf info firewalld
If the Firewalld is installed, you will get the following output:
Installed Packages
Name : firewalld
Version : 0.9.3
Release : 7.0.2.el8
Architecture : noarch
Size : 2.0 M
Source : firewalld-0.9.3-7.0.2.el8.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : anaconda
Summary : A firewall daemon with D-Bus interface providing a dynamic firewall
URL : http://www.firewalld.org
License : GPLv2+
Description : firewalld is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable
: firewall with a D-Bus interface.
Next, verify whether Firewalld is running or not.
systemctl status firewalld
You should see that the Firewalld service is masked:
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
You will need to unmask the Firewalld service. You can unmask it using the following command:
systemctl unmask firewalld
Next, start the Firewalld service and enable it to start at system reboot:
systemctl start firewalld systemctl enable firewalld
Step 2 – Install Fail2Ban
By default, the Fail2ban package is not included in the Oracle Linux 8 default repo, so you will need to install the EPEL repo to your system. Run the following command to install the EPEL repo:
dnf install epel-release -y
Next, run the following command to install the Fail2ban package on your server:
dnf install fail2ban fail2ban-firewalld -y
Once Fail2ban is installed, start and enable the Fail2ban service using the following command:
systemctl start fail2ban systemctl enable fail2ban
You can also verify the Fail2ban version using the following command:
fail2ban-client --version
Sample output:
Fail2Ban v0.11.2
Step 3 – Configure Fail2Ban
By default, Fail2ban is configured to use Iptables firewall, so you will need to configure Fail2ban to work with Firewalld.
First, rename the Firewalld configuration file for Fail2ban using the following command:
mv /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/00-firewalld.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/00-firewalld.local
Next, copy the Fail2ban default configuration file:
cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Next, edit the jail.local file:
nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Find the following lines:
banaction = iptables-multiport banaction_allports = iptables-allports
And replace them with the following lines:
banaction = firewallcmd-rich-rules[actiontype=] banaction_allports = firewallcmd-rich-rules[actiontype=]
Save and close the file, then restart Fail2ban to apply the changes:
systemctl restart fail2ban
At this point, Fail2ban is configured to work with Firewalld.
Step 4 – Secure SSH Service with Fail2Ban
By default, Fail2ban is not configured to block any IP addresses. You will need to enable the specific jail for each service you want to protect.
To protect the SSHD service, edit the jail.local file:
nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Find the [sshd] section and enable it by adding the following lines:
[sshd] enabled = true port = ssh logpath = %(sshd_log)s backend = %(sshd_backend)s bantime = 10m findtime = 10m maxretry = 5
Save and close the file, then restart Fail2ban to apply the changes:
systemctl restart fail2ban
You can now verify the Fail2ban status using the following command:
systemctl status fail2ban
You will get the following output:
● fail2ban.service - Fail2Ban Service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/fail2ban.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-06-28 07:32:46 EDT; 3s ago
Docs: man:fail2ban(1)
Process: 3887 ExecStop=/usr/bin/fail2ban-client stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3924 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /run/fail2ban (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3925 (fail2ban-server)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 11409)
Memory: 17.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/fail2ban.service
└─3925 /usr/bin/python3.6 -s /usr/bin/fail2ban-server -xf start
Jun 28 07:32:46 oraclelinux8 systemd[1]: Starting Fail2Ban Service...
Jun 28 07:32:46 oraclelinux8 systemd[1]: Started Fail2Ban Service.
Jun 28 07:32:46 oraclelinux8 fail2ban-server[3925]: Server ready
Step 5 – Verify Fail2ban Firewall
At this point, Fail2ban is configured to protect the SSH service. Now, it’s time to check whether Fail2ban works.
First, verify the jail configuration using the following command:
fail2ban-client status
You should see the following output:
Status |- Number of jail: 1 `- Jail list: sshd
Now, go to the remote machine and try to connect to the SSH server with an incorrect password. After reaching the maxretry “5” times, your IP address will be blocked by Fail2Ban.
Now, check the IP address blocked by Fail2ban using the following command:
fail2ban-client status sshd
You should get the following output:
Status for the jail: sshd |- Filter | |- Currently failed: 1 | |- Total failed: 6 | `- Journal matches: _SYSTEMD_UNIT=sshd.service + _COMM=sshd `- Actions |- Currently banned: 1 |- Total banned: 1 `- Banned IP list: 10.61.187.115
You can check the rules added by Firewalld with the following command:
firewall-cmd --list-rich-rules
You will get the following output:
rule family="ipv4" source address="10.61.187.115" port port="ssh" protocol="tcp" reject type="icmp-port-unreachable"
You can also check the Fail2ban logs for more information:
tail -f /var/log/fail2ban.log
Sample output:
2022-06-27 10:37:21,837 fail2ban.filter [21186]: INFO [sshd] Found 10.61.187.115 - 2022-06-27 10:37:21 2022-06-27 10:37:21,859 fail2ban.actions [21186]: NOTICE [sshd] Ban 10.61.187.115 2022-06-27 10:37:27,220 fail2ban.filter [21186]: INFO [sshd] Found 10.61.187.115 - 2022-06-27 10:37:27
Conclusion
In this post, we explained how to install Fail2ban with Firewalld on Oracle Linux 8. We also explained how to protect SSH service using Fail2Ban. You can now implement Fail2ban on your server to protect it against brute-force login attacks. Try it on VPS hosting from Atlantic.Net!
