Fail2ban is a free and open-source intrusion prevention software solution that protects servers from brute-force login attacks. It monitors various log files of SSH and other web applications, and whenever any failed authentication is detected and reaches the max numbers, Fail2Ban will automatically block the IP address using the iptables of Firewalld. Fail2Ban is simple, handy, easy to configure, and flexible.
In this guide, we will show you how to install Fail2Ban with firewalld on Rocky Linux 8.
Step 1 – Configure Firewalld
By default, Firewalld comes pre-installed in Rocky Linux 8. You can check whether it is installed by using the following command:
dnf update -y dnf info firewalld
If the is installed, you will get the following output:
Last metadata expiration check: 0:34:46 ago on Wednesday 17 November 2021 09:52:51 AM UTC.
Installed Packages
Name : firewalld
Version : 0.8.2
Release : 7.el8_4
Architecture : noarch
Size : 1.9 M
Source : firewalld-0.8.2-7.el8_4.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : baseos
Summary : A firewall daemon with D-Bus interface providing a dynamic firewall
URL : http://www.firewalld.org
License : GPLv2+
Description : firewalld is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable
: firewall with a D-Bus interface.
Available Packages
Name : firewalld
Version : 0.9.3
Release : 7.el8
Architecture : noarch
Size : 501 k
Source : firewalld-0.9.3-7.el8.src.rpm
Repository : baseos
Summary : A firewall daemon with D-Bus interface providing a dynamic firewall
URL : http://www.firewalld.org
License : GPLv2+
Description : firewalld is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable
: firewall with a D-Bus interface.
Next, verify whether the Firewalld is running or not.
systemctl status firewalld
You should see that the Firewalld service is masked:
● firewalld.service Loaded: masked (Reason: Unit firewalld.service is masked.) Active: inactive (dead)
So you will need to unmask the Firewalld service. You can unmask it using the following command:
systemctl unmask firewalld
Next, start the Firewalld service and enable it to start at system reboot:
systemctl start firewalld systemctl enable firewalld
At this point, Firewalld is installed and running in your system. You can now proceed to the next step.
Step 2 – Install Fail2Ban
By default, the Fail2Ban package is not included in the Rocky Linux 8 default repo, so you will need to add EPEL repo to your system. Run the following command to install the EPEL repo:
dnf install epel-release -y
Next, install the Fail2Ban package with the following command:
dnf install fail2ban fail2ban-firewalld -y
Once Fail2Ban is installed, start and enable the Fail2Ban service using the following command:
systemctl start fail2ban systemctl enable fail2ban
You can verify the Fail2Ban version using the following command:
fail2ban-client --version
Sample output:
Fail2Ban v0.11.2
Step 3 – Configure Fail2Ban
By default, Fail2Ban is configured to use the iptables firewall, so you will need to configure Fail2Ban to work with Firewalld.
First, rename the Firewalld configuration file for Fail2Ban using the following command:
mv /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/00-firewalld.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/00-firewalld.local
Next, copy the Fail2Ban default configuration file:
cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Next, edit the jail.local file:
nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Find the following lines:
banaction = iptables-multiport banaction_allports = iptables-allports
And replace them with the following lines:
banaction = firewallcmd-rich-rules[actiontype=] banaction_allports = firewallcmd-rich-rules[actiontype=]
Save and close the file, then restart the Fail2Ban to apply the changes:
systemctl restart fail2ban
At this point, Fail2Ban is configured to work with Firewalld.
Step 4 – Secure SSH Service with Fail2Ban
By default, Fail2Ban is not configured to block any IP addresses. You will need to enable the specific jail for each service you want to protect.
To protect the SSHD service, edit the jail.local file:
nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Find the [sshd] section and enable it by adding the following lines:
[sshd] enabled = true port = ssh logpath = %(sshd_log)s backend = %(sshd_backend)s bantime = 10m findtime = 10m maxretry = 5
Save and close the file, then restart Fail2Ban to apply the changes:
systemctl restart fail2ban
You can now verify the status of Fail2Ban using the following command:
systemctl status fail2ban
You will get the following output:
● fail2ban.service - Fail2Ban Service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/fail2ban.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-17 10:34:49 UTC; 2s ago
Docs: man:fail2ban(1)
Process: 21154 ExecStop=/usr/bin/fail2ban-client stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 21185 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /run/fail2ban (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 21186 (fail2ban-server)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 11411)
Memory: 14.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/fail2ban.service
└─21186 /usr/bin/python3.6 -s /usr/bin/fail2ban-server -xf start
Nov 17 10:34:49 rockylinux systemd[1]: Starting Fail2Ban Service...
Nov 17 10:34:49 rockylinux systemd[1]: Started Fail2Ban Service.
Nov 17 10:34:49 rockylinux fail2ban-server[21186]: Server ready
Step 5 – Verify Fail2Ban Firewall
At this point, Fail2Ban is configured to protect the SSH service. Now, it’s time to check whether Fail2Ban is working.
First, verify the jail configuration using the following command:
fail2ban-client status
You should see the following output:
Status |- Number of jail: 1 `- Jail list: sshd
Now, go to the remote machine and try to connect to the SSH server with an incorrect password. After reaching the max number of retries (5 times), your IP address will be blocked by Fail2Ban.
Now, check the IP address blocked by Fail2Ban using the following command:
fail2ban-client status sshd
You should get the following output:
Status for the jail: sshd |- Filter | |- Currently failed: 1 | |- Total failed: 6 | `- Journal matches: _SYSTEMD_UNIT=sshd.service + _COMM=sshd `- Actions |- Currently banned: 1 |- Total banned: 1 `- Banned IP list: 27.61.171.115
You can check the rules added by Firewalld with the following command:
firewall-cmd --list-rich-rules
You will get the following output:
rule family="ipv4" source address="27.61.171.115" port port="ssh" protocol="tcp" reject type="icmp-port-unreachable"
You can also check the Fail2Ban logs for more information:
tail -f /var/log/fail2ban.log
Sample output:
2021-11-17 10:37:21,837 fail2ban.filter [21186]: INFO [sshd] Found 27.61.171.115 - 2021-11-17 10:37:21 2021-11-17 10:37:21,859 fail2ban.actions [21186]: NOTICE [sshd] Ban 27.61.171.115 2021-11-17 10:37:27,220 fail2ban.filter [21186]: INFO [sshd] Found 27.61.171.115 - 2021-11-17 10:37:27
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Fail2Ban with Firewalld. You can now implement Fail2Ban on your server to protect it against brute-force login attacks. Try it out on your VPS hosting account from Atlantic.Net!
